Wolfgang Welsch: Multi-, Inter-, Transkulturalität

Multikulturalität
Ausgangspunkt / Problem: Koexistenz versch. Kulturen, Kulturen sind homogen
Lösungsansätze / Strategien: Nebeneinander, Toleranz, Konflikvermeidung, -therapie
Kritik: homogener Begriff von Kultur, Getthoisierung, ineffizienz

Interkulturalität
Ausgangspunkt / Problem: Konflikte zwischen verschiedener Kulturen, Kommunikationsschwierigkeit, Missverständnis
Lösungsansätze / Strategien: interkulturelle Kommunikation / Kompetenzen, Verstehen, Anerkennen
Kritik: homogener Begriff von Kultur, Konstruktion des "Anderen", nur kosmetische Lösungsansätze, da immernoch vom Kultur als Kugel ausgegangen wird, Kommunikation kommt nicht zustande.

Transkulturalität
Ausgangspunkt / Problem: keine homogene Kultur, Verflechtung, Netzwerke aufgrund von Migrationsprozessen, immateriellen Kommunikationsmedien und Ökonomie, interdependente Globalkultur.
Lösungsansätze / Strategien: vielmaschiges und inklusives Kulturverständnis, Integration, Kultur als etwas Dynamisches anschauen. Anerkennen des "Fremden" im "Eigenen".
Kritik: Verlust des Kulturbegriffs und der Identität, Uniformierung

Wolfgang Welsch - Ästhetik und Anästhetik

Begriff von Ästhetik
- ästhetische Wahrnehmung, wahrnehmbar machen
- ästhetische Objekte
- ästhetische Erkenntnis
- Art und Weise der Erscheinung von Dingen (Präsentation, Gestaltung, "Gemachtheit")
- Umgebung, in welcher die Dinge erscheinen


Ästhetik --vs-- Anästhetik

Inszenierte Einkaufswelten, aufgedrehte Atmosphären --vs-- Eintönigkeit, Blindheit für deren Faktur

Inszenierung von Ereignissen --vs-- Coolness, anstelle von Involviertheit / kontemplativer Zuwendung

Bildwerdung von Wirklichkeit --vs-- sozial Anästhetisierung, Bildwelt verdeckt Zugang zur Wirklichkeit

Tele-Ontologie, instantane Erfüllbarkeit von Wünschen --vs-- Überfüllung, Sättigung

Sinne sind verlässliche Instrumente für Weltzugang --vs-- Sinne geben keinen Aufschluss über Welt



Wolfgang Welsch
http://www2.uni-jena.de/welsch/
Mein Weg in der Ästhetik

-> Walter Benjamin: Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit

-> Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten: Begründer der Ästhetik als philosophische Disziplin

Wolfgang Welsch - "Transculturality – the Puzzling Form of Cultures Today"

In his text “Transculturality – the Puzzling Form of Cultures Today” Wolfgang Welsch explains in a few words Wittgensteins concept of culture:
“Philosophically, the one person who provides the greatest help for a transcultural concept of culture, however, is Wittgenstein. He outlined an on-principle pragmatically-based concept of culture, which is free of ethnic consolidation and unreasonable demands for homogeneity. According to Wittgenstein, culture is at hand wherever practices in life are shared. The basic task is not to be conceived of as an understanding of foreign cultures, but as an interaction with foreignness. [...] Culture in Wittgenstein’s sense is, by its very structure, open to new connexions and to further feats of integration. To this extent, a cultural concept reformulated along Wittgenstein’s lines seems to me to be particularly apt to today’s conditions.”
http://www2.uni-jena.de/welsch/Papers/transcultSociety.html

“I take this to be very important. Basically I think it is evident – yet it tends to be overlooked incurrent reflection. For in modernity we got used to thinking that everything is strictly bound toits cultural context. We take all experience and cognition to be strictly determined by their cultural framework and hence restricted to it. This is the typically modern axiom – or dogma – behind the contemporary relativism, contextualism and culturalism dominant in the humanities and in cultural studies today. But with this axiom we are blinding ourselves theoretically to the obviously non culture-bound, but transcultural potential of outstanding works or conceptions.”

http://www2.uni-jena.de/welsch/RETHINKI.pdf

 

Sources:

“Transculturality – the Puzzling Form of Cultures Today” Wolfgang Welsch
From: Spaces of Culture: City, Nation, World, ed. by Mike Featherstone and Scott Lash, London: Sage 1999, 194-213.

Wolfgang Welsch, Rethinking identity in the age of globalization – a transcultural perspective

Aesthetics & Art Science, ed. Taiwan Association of Aesthetics and Art Science, No. 1 (2002), 85-94.

Transculturality - the Puzzling Form of Cultures Today

"[...] a concept of culture which, I think, is appropriate to most cultures today: the concept of transculturality. I will contrast it with three other concepts: first with the classical concept of single cultures and then with the more recent concepts of interculturality and multiculturality. I believe the concept of transculturality to be the most adequate concept of culture today - for both descriptive and normative reasons.
[...]
Philosophically, the one person who provides the greatest help for a transcultural concept of culture, however, is Wittgenstein. He outlined an on-principle pragmatically-based concept of culture, which is free of ethnic consolidation and unreasonable demands for homogeneity. According to Wittgenstein, culture is at hand wherever practices in life are shared. The basic task is not to be conceived of as an understanding of foreign cultures, but as an interaction with foreignness. [...] Culture in Wittgenstein's sense is, by its very structure, open to new connexions and to further feats of integration. To this extent, a cultural concept reformulated along Wittgenstein's lines seems to me to be particularly apt to today's conditions."

From: Spaces of Culture: City, Nation, World, ed. by Mike Featherstone and Scott Lash, London: Sage 1999, 194-213.


Rethinking identity in the age of globalization - a transcultural perspective

"It's a truism to say that we are living in an age of globalization. It's a truism of almost the same degree to state that one of the most urgent problems posed by globalization is the problem of identity - of personal as well as cultural identity.
I want to address the question of identity in the first part of my paper, linking it with my conception of transculturality. [...]"

From: Aesthetics & Art Science, ed. Taiwan Association of Aesthetics and Art Science, No. 1 (2002), 85-94. 

Wolfgang Welsch -> Wikipedia